All the victims suffered in the accident who did not belong in the group included a medical emergency. Someone who experienced medical cases may also be experiencing symptoms of injury as a result of malfunctioning of the body that occur, for example lost consciousness and fell so that there is a wound.
First Aid in the management of medical cases do not differ much from each other. The most important thing is to recognize the emergency, especially early. Conclusions about the circumstances faced by nearly 80% was obtained based on interviews with the patient when conscious, family or witnesses and other sources. In the management of patients with the most important thing is to keep the airway and monitor patient vital signs regularly.

Symptoms:
Fever
Painful
Nausea, vomiting
Excessive urination or not at all
Dizziness, feeling faint, feeling coming to an end
Shortness of breath or feel it is difficult
Excessive thirst or hunger, a strange taste in mouth

Signs:
1. Changes in mental status (unconscious, confused)
2. Changes in cardiac rhythm: fast or very slow pulse, irregular, weak or very strong.
3. Changes in respiration: the rhythm and color quality on mucous membranes (pale, bluish, too red)
4. Changes in skin conditions: temperature, humidity, excessive sweating, very dry, including changes in mucous membrane color (pale, bluish, too red)
5. Bead eyes: very wide, or very small
6. Typical odor from the mouth or nose
7. Muscle activity such as seizures or paralysis
8. Gastrointestinal disturbances: nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
9. Other signs that should not exist.
 
Think of all the patient complaints are true. When patients feel uncomfortable or comfortable then treated as a medical case

Some medical disorders are commonly found are:


1. Fainting (Syncope / collapse):
Occurs because the blood circulation to the organs of the brain is reduced, which can occur due to the great emotions, being in a room full of people without enough fresh air, tired and hungry, too much exertion.
Symptoms and signs:
1. Feeling giddy.
2. Dizzy sight and ringing in the ears.
3. Limp, out cold sweat.
4. Yawn.
5. Can be no response, which usually lasts only a few minutes.
6. Slow pulse.

Treatment:
1. Lay the patient with the leg elevated.
2. Loosen clothing.
3. Try sufferers breathe fresh air.
4. Check for other injuries.
5. Give a blanket, so that his body warm.
6. When you recover, try to rest a few minutes.
7. If not quickly recovered, then:
- Check for breathing and pulse.
- Stable position.
- Brought to health facilities

2. Heat exposure
Heat can cause disturbances in the body. Generally there are 3 kinds of disturbance:

A. Heat cramps
Occur due to excessive loss of body salt through sweat.
Symptoms and signs:
1. Seizures are accompanied by pain in muscles
2. Legs and abdomen.
3. Fatigue.
4. Nausea
5. Possible fainting

Treatment:
1. Lay the patient in the shade.
2. Give drink to the patient, mixed with a little salt if needed. Do not waste time LOOKING FOR SALT.
3. Refer to the health facility.

B. Heat Exhaustion
Caused by conditions that do not fit at the time of conducting activities in an environment with relatively high air temperatures, which resulted in disruption of blood flow.
Symptoms and signs:
1. Breathing fast and shallow.
2. Weak pulse.
3. Palpable cold skin, wrinkles, moist and pale mucous membranes
4. Pallor, excessive sweating.
5. Weak.
6. Dizziness, sometimes no response.

Treatment:
1. Lay the patient in the shade.
2. Loosen clothing that binds.
3. Elevate the legs about 20 patients - 30 cm.
4. Give oxygen if available.
5. Give a drink if the patient unconscious.
6. Refer to the health facility.

Heat shock
Is a life-threatening circumstances. Body temperature becomes too high and in many cases patients are no longer sweating. If not dealt with immediately, the brain cells will die soon.

Symptoms and signs:
1. Breathing fast and deep.
2. Rapid and strong pulse followed by rapid but weak pulse.
3. Palpable skin is dry, sometimes red hot
4. pupils dilated.
5. Loss of consciousness.
6. General seizure or trembling in muscles.

Treatment:
1. Lower the patient's body temperature as quickly as possible.
2. Place ice bags on the armpits, groin, behind the knees and around ankles and on the side of the neck.
3. If possible, enter the patient into the tub of ice cold water and add to it.
4. Refer to the health facility.

3. Cold Exposure (Hypothermia)
The cold air can cause the body temperature decreases. Ambient temperature does not need to freeze to spark hypothermia. There are some circumstances that aggravate hypothermia, wind factor and lack of food.

Symptoms and signs
Hypothermia are:
1. Shivering.
2. Seem headed.
3. Rapid breathing, slow pulse.
4. Visual impairment.
5. Slow eye reactions.
6. Shaking.

Severe hypothermia:
1. Very slow breathing.
2. The pulse is very slow.
3. There was no response.
4. widened and pupils did not react.
5. Rigid motion tool.
6. No shivering.
      
Handling of hypothermia:
Hospitalized patients carefully, give a sense of comfort.
1. Early assessment and examination of patients.
2. Move the patient from the cold environment.
3. Keep the airway and provide oxygen if available.
4. Replace wet clothing, blankets give the patient, try to keep them dry.
5. When patients realize can be given warm drinks slowly.
6. Monitor vital signs regularly.
7. Refer to the health facility.




By: Subchan (PMI Cab Sidoarjo)